Thermal Desorption Spectrum

This more involved example is a key use-case for the code.

This procedure aims to model the experiential work of Ogorodnikova et al. Ogorodnikova et al. (2003) and implements the parameterisation described by Delaporte-Mathurin et al. (2019).

Description

The original experiment Ogorodnikova et al. (2003) involves a thin tungsten foil $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-643c05a6-284d-43e7-8c32-f9c36781cfa0");katex.render("12 \\times 15 \\times 0.5 \\: \\text{mm}^3", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ . The foil is exposed to a beam of 200 eV deuterium ions during an initial implantation phase which lasts 400 s. This is followed by a resting phase of approximately 5 minutes at a constant temperature of 300 K. Finally, the rate of desorption of hydrogen from the foil is measured as the temperature is slowly increased at a constant rate of 8 K/s.

Figure 1: Thermal Desorption Spectrum

References

Rémi Delaporte-Mathurin, Etienne A. Hodille, Jonathan Mougenot, Yann Charles, and Christian Grisolia. Finite element analysis of hydrogen retention in iter plasma facing components using festim. Nuclear Materials and Energy, 21:100709, 2019. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179119300547, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2019.100709.

@article{DELAPORTE2019,
    author = "Delaporte-Mathurin, Rémi and Hodille, Etienne A. and Mougenot, Jonathan and Charles, Yann and Grisolia, Christian",
    title = "Finite element analysis of hydrogen retention in ITER plasma facing components using FESTIM",
    journal = "Nuclear Materials and Energy",
    volume = "21",
    pages = "100709",
    year = "2019",
    issn = "2352-1791",
    doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2019.100709",
    url = "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179119300547",
    keywords = "Fusion, Tritium, Finite elements, Plasma facing components, Hydrogen isotopes",
    abstract = "The behaviour of hydrogen isotopes in ITER monoblocks was studied using the code FESTIM (Finite Element Simulation of Tritium In Materials) which is introduced in this publication. FESTIM has been validated by reproducing experimental data and the Method of Manufactured Solutions was used for analytical verification. Following relevant plasma scenarios, both transient heat transfer and hydrogen isotopes (HIs) diffusion have been simulated in order to assess HIs retention in monoblocks. Relevant materials properties have been used. Each plasma cycle is composed of a current ramp up, a current plateau, a current ramp down and a resting phase before the following shot. 100 cycles are simulated. The total HIs inventory in the tokamak during resting phases reaches 1.8×10−3mg whereas during the implantation phases it keeps increasing as a power law of time. Particle flux on the cooling channel of the monoblock is also computed. The breakthrough time is estimated to be t=1×105s which corresponds to 24 cycles. Relevance of 2D modelling has been demonstrated by comparing the total HIs inventory obtained by 2D and 1D simulations. Using 1D simulations, a relative error is observed compared to 2D simulations which can reach -25\% during the resting phase. The error during implantation phases keeps increasing."
}

O.V Ogorodnikova, J Roth, and M Mayer. Deuterium retention in tungsten in dependence of the surface conditions. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 313-316:469–477, 2003. Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices 15. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022311502013752, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01375-2.

@article{OGOROD2003,
    author = "Ogorodnikova, O.V and Roth, J and Mayer, M",
    title = "Deuterium retention in tungsten in dependence of the surface conditions",
    journal = "Journal of Nuclear Materials",
    volume = "313-316",
    pages = "469-477",
    year = "2003",
    note = "Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices 15",
    issn = "0022-3115",
    doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01375-2",
    url = "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022311502013752",
    keywords = "Deuterium, Tungsten, Retention, Implantation",
    abstract = "The paper reviews hydrogen isotope retention and migration in tungsten (W). Due to a large scatter of the deuterium (D) retention database, new measurements of ion-driven D retention in polycrystalline W foil have been performed to clarify the mechanism of hydrogen isotope inventory in W. Deuterium retention has been investigated as a function of ion fluence, implantation temperature, incident energy and surface conditions. Special attention has been given on the investigation of D retention in thin films of tungsten carbide and tungsten oxide which can be formed on W surface in a fusion device. Such kinds of films increase the D retention in W. Several points are reviewed: (i) inventory in pure W, (ii) inventory in W pre-implanted by carbon ions and (iii) inventory in tungsten oxide."
}

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Comparison to Analytical Solution